What do ribosomes synthesize based on the information from mRNA?

Ribosomes play a critical role in the process of protein synthesis by translating the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). The information contained in mRNA is derived from the DNA, and it specifies the sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein.

During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons in the mRNA, which are sets of three nucleotides. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal in the protein synthesis process. By bringing together transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that carry specific amino acids, ribosomes facilitate the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids, effectively synthesizing polypeptides that then fold into functional proteins.

The other options—nucleotides, lipids, and carbohydrates—are not synthesized by ribosomes. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and are involved in DNA and RNA synthesis. Lipids are synthesized through a different metabolic pathway, primarily in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Carbohydrates are produced through processes such as photosynthesis or glycolysis, not through ribosomal activity. Thus, the role of ribosomes is specifically to synthesize proteins from amino acids based on the instructions provided by m