What are isomers?

Isomers are compounds that share the same molecular formula but possess different structural arrangements, leading to distinct properties. This concept is critical in organic chemistry, as even minor variations in the arrangement of atoms can result in significantly different chemical behaviors and physiological effects.

For instance, consider glucose and fructose; both have the molecular formula C6H12O6, but their different structural configurations result in unique characteristics and functions in biological systems. This diversity in structure among isomers enables a vast array of chemical reactions and biological processes, making the study of isomers fundamental to understanding chemistry and biology.

Other options describe different concepts. Some suggest the same structure, which contradicts the definition of isomers, while others focus on differing molecular formulas or the ability to form salts, which are not relevant to the isomer concept. Thus, understanding that isomers specifically refer to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures is essential.